Engineering Service
TJS Radial Soil-Cement Pile Reinforcement for Shield Tunnels in Soft Ground
软土地层隧道径向水泥土桩加固技术（TJS工法）
Zhejiang Datong's flagship Tunnel Jet System (TJS) integrates 360-degree directional radial jet grouting, pressure-balanced slurry discharge, intelligent grouting monitoring, and slurry recovery for low-disturbance reinforcement of ground surrounding shield tunnels. It is designed for settlement and convergence treatment in soft-ground tunnels, including operating metro systems with restricted access and maintenance windows.
TJS工法是浙江大通重点研发的盾构隧道洞内微扰动加固技术与成套装备。系统集成360°多方向径向旋喷加固、强制排浆与地内压力控制、智能注浆监测及泥浆回收，适用于软土地层运营隧道的沉降、收敛变形和周边土体加固治理。
Supplied by Zhejiang Datong Construction Technology Co., Ltd.
Overview
Service overview
The TJS (Tunnel Jet System) method was developed to support disaster prevention and defect treatment for urban rail transit in highly sensitive soft ground. It addresses the need to reinforce shield tunnels where excessive deformation, leakage-related risks, or instability of the surrounding ground may affect construction or safe operation.
TJS is carried out from inside the tunnel using specialized drilling and jet-grouting equipment. High-pressure grout cuts and mixes the ground outside the tunnel lining to construct soil-cement reinforcement bodies. Their position, angle, length, diameter, and construction sequence can be tailored to the ground profile, tunnel condition, deformation mechanism, and treatment objective. Vertical, horizontal, inclined, and circumferential elements can be combined to achieve 360-degree reinforcement.
The method integrates pilot drilling, sealed blowout prevention, jet grouting, forced slurry discharge, slurry collection, and treatment. Injection and controlled pressure release are coordinated to stabilize in-ground pressure and reduce the risk of tunnel heave, settlement, grout migration, remote slurry breakout, and disturbance to the surrounding ground.
TJS can use reserved openings in tunnels under construction or existing segment lifting holes in operating tunnels. The equipment is configured for confined tunnel space and restricted working windows, allowing reinforcement works to be carried out in both operating tunnels and tunnels under construction.
An intelligent grouting-control system records construction time, flow, pressure, grout and binder quantities, additive dosage, and slurry specific gravity. Process parameters can be dynamically adjusted in response to tunnel and ground monitoring data. Slurry collection, solidification, treatment, and recycling further support controlled and environmentally responsible tunnel operations.
TJS follows a diagnose-prescribe-treat workflow. The ground conditions, structural response, and causes of deformation are first assessed; a targeted reinforcement layout and process are then developed; and phased construction is implemented to achieve ground reinforcement, deformation control, and, where required, structural recovery.
TJS（Tunnel Jet System）工法是在高灵敏性软土地层城市轨道交通灾变预防和病害治理需求下发展形成的隧道加固技术，适用于因变形过大、渗漏相关风险或周边土体失稳而可能影响施工或安全运营的盾构隧道。
TJS 工法在隧道内采用专用钻进及喷射注浆设备，以高压浆液切削、混合隧道外侧土体并形成水泥土增强体。增强体的桩位、角度、长度、直径及施工顺序可根据地层分布、隧道状态、变形机理和治理目标进行定制；竖直、水平、倾斜及环向增强体可以组合形成 360°全方位加固体系。
该工法将引孔钻进、密封止喷、高压喷射注浆、强制排浆、泥浆收集及后处理作为一体化施工过程，通过协调注入与受控排浆，稳定地内压力，降低隧道隆起、沉降、串浆、远端冒浆及周边地层扰动风险。
TJS 既可利用在建隧道预留孔实施施工，也可通过运营隧道既有管片吊装孔进行作业。成套装备适应狭小隧道空间和有限作业窗口，可在运营隧道和在建隧道内实施加固施工。
智能注浆调控系统可记录施工时间、流量、压力、浆量、灰量、添加剂用量及泥浆比重等参数，并结合隧道及地层监测数据动态调整施工参数。配套泥浆收集、固化处理及循环利用系统，可进一步控制现场排放并降低二次污染。
TJS 项目实施强调“一诊、一方、一治”：首先识别地层条件、结构响应及变形原因，再制定针对性的加固布置与施工工艺，最后通过分阶段施工实现地层加固、变形控制及必要的结构复位调整。
Scope
Service scope
Key components that may be provided for relevant engineering scenarios.
- Radial soil-cement reinforcement constructed from inside the tunnel without large-scale excavation outside the lining
- Vertical, horizontal, inclined, and circumferential construction for 360-degree reinforcement
- Positions, angles, lengths, diameters, and sequences tailored to ground and tunnel conditions
- Compatibility with existing 36 mm and 42 mm segment lifting holes and reserved openings in new tunnels
- Forced slurry discharge and in-ground pressure balancing for low-disturbance construction
- Sealed blowout-prevention measures for drilling and jet grouting under groundwater pressure
- Cloud-connected process monitoring, intelligent alerts, historical data review, and dynamic parameter adjustment
- Single- or multi-rig coordinated construction for different reinforcement layouts
- Integrated slurry collection, solidification, treatment, and recycling
- 从隧道内部向外施工径向水泥土增强体，无需在隧道外侧大范围开挖
- 支持竖直、水平、倾斜及环向施工，实现 360°全方位加固
- 桩位、角度、长度、直径及施工顺序可根据地层和隧道条件定制
- 适配 36 mm、42 mm 等既有管片吊装孔，也可利用在建隧道预留孔
- 通过强制排浆与地内压力平衡实现微扰动施工
- 配置密封止喷措施，适应地下水压力条件下的钻进与喷射注浆
- 支持施工数据上云、智能预警、历史查询及参数动态调节
- 单台或多台主机可协同施工，满足不同方向和组合加固需求
- 集成泥浆收集、固化处理及循环利用系统
Scenarios
Applicable project scenarios
Typical project conditions where this offering may be relevant.
- Settlement, differential settlement, convergence deformation, and horizontal displacement in operating metro shield tunnels
- Deformation control and preventive reinforcement in newly built shield tunnels
- Ground reinforcement outside tunnels in soft clay, silty sand, and water-bearing sand
- Tunnel treatment under leakage, sand inflow, or high groundwater pressure conditions
- Work during short operating possessions and in confined or restricted tunnel environments
- Projects requiring vertical, horizontal, inclined, and circumferential reinforcement layouts
- Projects using existing segment lifting holes where additional openings are restricted
- Reinforcement requiring coordinated construction monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grouting parameters
- 运营地铁盾构隧道长期沉降、差异沉降、收敛变形及水平位移治理
- 在建盾构隧道的变形控制与预防性加固
- 软土、粉砂及富水砂层中的隧道外侧土体加固
- 渗漏、涌砂及高水头压力条件下的隧道病害治理
- 仅具有限运营窗口、空间狭小或作业条件受限的洞内施工
- 需要竖直、水平、倾斜及环向组合布置的 360°加固
- 既有管片不宜新增开孔、需利用吊装孔实施作业的项目
- 需要结合监测数据动态调整注浆参数的精细化加固工程
Offering Details
Technical Details & Applications
Core Technology and Applications
TJS (Tunnel Jet System), the radial soil-cement pile reinforcement technology for shield tunnels in soft ground, uses specialized equipment inside a tunnel to construct soil-cement reinforcement elements of different orientations, lengths, and diameters outside the lining with limited disturbance. These elements combine with existing grouted zones and reinforced ground to form a composite foundation for controlling tunnel settlement, convergence deformation, and horizontal displacement.
Zhejiang Datong integrates in-tunnel drilling, jet grouting, forced slurry discharge, in-ground pressure control, and digital monitoring into a construction method and equipment system for tunnels under construction, completed tunnels, and operating tunnels. Applications include soft-ground reinforcement, control of continuing settlement, and tunnel deformation correction under a project-specific engineering scheme.
Radial Reinforcement and Pile Arrangement
Dedicated drilling and jetting equipment delivers high-pressure grout into the ground outside the lining, cutting and mixing the in-situ soil to form soil-cement reinforcement elements. Vertical, inclined, and horizontal piles are combined to suit the ground profile, tunnel structure, existing deformation, and treatment objectives. Pile diameter, length, spacing, working openings, and construction sequence are selected for each project.
The equipment supports construction at different angles around the full tunnel cross-section, allowing treatment beneath the invert, beside the tunnel, or at other required positions. Ground reinforcement, construction-induced movement, and deliberate deformation correction are assessed using their respective design and monitoring criteria.
技术说明与应用案例
核心技术定位
TJS（Tunnel Jet System，软土地层盾构隧道径向水泥土桩加固技术）在隧道内采用专用设备，以微扰动方式向隧道外施工不同角度、长度和直径的水泥土增强体，使其与隧道外既有注浆体及加固地层共同形成复合地基，用于控制盾构隧道沉降、收敛变形和水平位移。
浙江大通围绕在建、已建及运营盾构隧道的地层加固与变形整治，形成由洞内钻进、喷射注浆、强制排浆、地内压力控制及数字化监测组成的成套技术与装备。工程应用包括软土地层加固、持续沉降控制，以及按专项方案开展的隧道变形整治与纠偏。
径向加固原理与布桩方式
专用钻进与喷射装置将高压浆液送入隧道衬砌外侧地层，对原状土进行切削、混合，形成水泥土增强体。根据地层分布、隧道结构、既有变形及治理目标，组合布置竖直、倾斜和水平桩，并确定桩径、桩长、作业孔位、布桩间距和施工顺序。
洞内装备支持围绕隧道断面的360°全方位作业布置，可分别针对隧底、隧侧或其他位置的加固需求组织施工。土体加固、施工扰动控制与主动纠偏采用相应的施工及监测指标，分别评价。
TJS radial cement-soil pile arrangement around a shield tunnel
TJS工法盾构隧道径向水泥土桩布置示意
Technology Development and Equipment Adaptation
To work through existing segment openings and within confined operating tunnels, the TJS drilling system evolved from an approximately 89 mm first-generation working opening to configurations compatible with 36 mm and 42 mm segment lifting holes. The drill-rod system has progressed through seven generations. Use of existing openings depends on segment condition and the project-specific structural design.
The second-generation rig supports 360-degree rotation and drilling and jet grouting at different angles. Single or multiple rigs can operate according to the available space and pile arrangement. Sealed blowout-prevention equipment, grout delivery, and spoil-slurry handling support work inside both operating tunnels and tunnels under construction.
技术研发与装备适配
为适应运营隧道既有管片孔位及狭小作业空间，TJS钻进系统由第一代约89 mm作业孔径持续迭代，形成适配36 mm、42 mm管片吊装孔的施工方案，钻杆系统已发展至第七代。孔位利用结合管片结构条件及专项设计确定。
第二代主机支持360°旋转和多角度钻进、喷射施工，可根据作业空间及布桩需要采用单台或多台主机协同作业。配套密封止喷、浆液输送和废浆处理设备，适用于运营隧道和在建隧道内的受限空间施工。
TJS equipment performing directional grouting inside a shield tunnel
TJS专用主机在盾构隧道内开展多角度径向加固施工
Construction Sequence and Process Control
A typical sequence covers equipment mobilization and platform setup, selection of working openings, sealed blowout-prevention installation, rig positioning and pilot drilling, grout preparation, jet grouting, digital process tracking, hole sealing and curing, and spoil-slurry recovery and treatment. Existing segment lifting holes or reserved openings can be used where suitable and permitted by the engineering design.
Drilling, jetting, discharge, slurry collection, and downstream treatment are coordinated with staged construction and tunnel movement monitoring to control ground and structural response during the works.
施工工艺与过程控制
典型施工流程包括设备进场与操作平台搭设、确定作业孔位、安装密封止喷装置、主机就位与引孔、配置浆液、喷射注浆、数字化过程跟踪、封孔养护，以及废浆回收与处理。具备合适既有孔位时，可按专项设计利用管片吊装孔或预留孔作业。
施工组织将钻进、喷射、排浆、泥浆收集与后处理协调安排，并结合分区、分序施工和隧道变形监测，控制施工期间的地层与结构响应。
TJS construction workflow, from setup and jet grouting to slurry recovery
TJS工法施工工艺及泥浆回收处理流程
Injection–Discharge Balance and Intelligent Grouting Control
TJS coordinates grout injection with forced slurry discharge to control changes in ground pressure during high-pressure treatment. Settings are adjusted in response to tunnel and ground monitoring to manage disturbance and grout migration while meeting the specified reinforcement or correction objectives.
The intelligent grouting system records construction time, flow rates and pressures of components A and B, grout volume, binder quantity, additive dosage, and slurry specific gravity. It supports data transmission, real-time monitoring, alerts, historical records, and dynamic parameter adjustment. Spoil slurry is centrally managed through collection, solidification or treatment, and recovery systems.
注入排浆平衡与智能注浆调控
TJS通过协调浆液注入与强制排浆，控制高压喷射过程中地内压力的变化。施工参数结合隧道及地层监测结果调整，以控制施工扰动及浆液迁移，并满足相应的加固或纠偏目标。
智能注浆调控系统可采集施工时间、A/B液流量及压力、浆量、灰量、添加剂用量和泥浆比重等参数，支持数据上传、实时监测、预警、历史查询及参数动态调整。施工废浆通过收集、固化处理和回收系统集中管理。
Intelligent grouting control and real-time monitoring parameters
TJS智能注浆调控系统及主要监测参数
Application 1: Genshanmen National-Railway Connection Tunnel, Hangzhou
Project Overview
The Genshanmen project applied TJS inside a completed tunnel. The tunnel depth was 7–13 m, with an outer diameter of 6.2 m, an inner diameter of 5.5 m, and a ring width of 1.0 m. Segment joints were aligned between adjacent rings. The main strata comprised mucky silty clay and sandy silt.
工程应用一：杭州艮山门国铁联络线隧道
概况
艮山门项目在已建隧道内开展TJS加固应用。隧道埋深7–13 m，外径6.2 m、内径5.5 m，环宽1.0 m，采用通缝拼装，主要穿越淤泥质粉质黏土和砂质粉土。
Construction layout for the Genshanmen railway connection tunnel trial section, including equipment access, grout delivery, and slurry handling.
艮山门国铁联络线试验段施工平面布置，包括设备进场、浆液输送及泥浆处理安排。
Treatment Scheme
The scheme combined vertical and inclined piles installed at alternate rings. Vertical piles had a diameter of 1.0 m and a length of 8 m. Inclined piles had a diameter of 0.8 m and a length of 6 m.
Treatment Results
Tunnel deformation remained below 2 mm during construction and below 3 mm after completion. The mean unconfined compressive strength of core samples exceeded 1.0 MPa.
处治方案
加固方案采用竖直桩与倾斜桩组合、隔环布置。竖直桩桩径1.0 m、桩长8 m，倾斜桩桩径0.8 m、桩长6 m。
处治效果
施工期间隧道变形小于2 mm，施工完成后变形小于3 mm；芯样平均无侧限抗压强度大于1.0 MPa。
Geological section and TJS treatment zones at the Genshanmen railway connection tunnel in Hangzhou.
杭州艮山门国铁联络线隧道地质剖面及TJS加固区段。
Application 2: Soft-Ground Treatment for the Hangde Suburban Railway, Huzhou
Project Overview
The relevant Hangde railway tunnel sections were approximately 10 m deep, with an outer diameter of 6.7 m, an inner diameter of 5.9 m, and a ring width of 1.5 m. The lining used staggered joints, and the main stratum was mucky silty clay. Trial treatment preceded the main works in two tunnel sections.
工程应用二：湖州杭德市域铁路软基处理
概况
杭德市域铁路相关区间隧道埋深约10 m，外径6.7 m、内径5.9 m，环宽1.5 m，采用错缝拼装，主要穿越淤泥质粉质黏土。项目先实施试验段，再推进两个区间段的正式施工。
Ground conditions and project extent for the relevant Hangde railway section.
杭德市域铁路相关区间地质条件及工程范围。
Treatment Scheme
The trial ran from December 13, 2023, to January 6, 2024. Main construction in the two sections ran from April 6 to May 27, 2026. Vertical and inclined piles were arranged at alternate rings. Vertical piles had a diameter of 1.0 m and a maximum length of 10 m. Inclined piles had a diameter of 0.8 m and a length of 5 m.
Treatment Results
During the trial, deformation remained below 3 mm during construction and below 2 mm after completion. The mean unconfined compressive strength of core samples exceeded 2.0 MPa. The main works recorded a maximum uplift of 8 mm during construction. As of August 22, 2026, the post-construction settlement rate was 0.01–0.04 mm/day. Trial results and main-construction results are presented separately.
处治方案
试验段施工时间为2023年12月13日至2024年1月6日；两个区间段正式施工时间为2026年4月6日至5月27日。加固采用竖直桩与倾斜桩组合、隔环布置，竖直桩桩径1.0 m、最大桩长10 m，倾斜桩桩径0.8 m、桩长5 m。
处治效果
试验段施工期间变形小于3 mm，施工完成后变形小于2 mm，芯样平均无侧限抗压强度大于2.0 MPa。正式施工阶段最大抬升8 mm；截至2026年8月22日，工后沉降速率为0.01–0.04 mm/d。试验段结果与正式施工结果分别列示。
Monitoring curves during and after the main TJS works at the Hangde project.
杭德项目正式施工期间及工后监测曲线。
Core samples from the treated ground at the Hangde project.
杭德项目加固体取芯样品。
Application 3: Deformation Treatment of an Operating Tunnel in Water-Bearing Sand, Heilongjiang
Project Overview
The operating tunnel was approximately 9.4–10.5 m deep, with an outer diameter of 6.0 m, an inner diameter of 5.4 m, and a ring width of 1.5 m. The lining used staggered joints, and the main stratum was medium-to-coarse sand. Before treatment, approximately ten years of operation had resulted in a maximum accumulated settlement of 106.9 mm, with a settlement rate of 0.037 mm/day.
Treatment Scheme
The scheme combined vertical, inclined, and horizontal piles. Vertical and inclined piles had a diameter of 1.0 m and a length of 6 m. Horizontal piles had a diameter of 0.8 m and a length of 4 m. A staggered pile layout provided treatment beneath and beside the tunnel.
工程应用三：黑龙江省某富水砂层运营隧道变形整治
概况
该运营区间隧道埋深约9.4–10.5 m，外径6.0 m、内径5.4 m，环宽1.5 m，采用错缝拼装，主要穿越中粗砂。治理前，隧道运营约10年，累计最大沉降106.9 mm，沉降速率0.037 mm/d。
处治方案
加固采用竖直、倾斜和水平桩组合。竖直桩及倾斜桩桩径1.0 m、桩长6 m，水平桩桩径0.8 m、桩长4 m，结合梅花形布桩实施隧底与隧侧加固。
TJS treatment layout for the tunnel section in water-bearing sand in Heilongjiang.
黑龙江富水砂层区间 TJS 加固施工平面布置。
Treatment Results
After completion, maximum uplift was 33 mm, the maximum reduction in horizontal convergence was 35 mm, and contact-wire height recovered by 32 mm. Core samples had an unconfined compressive strength of 1.2 MPa. The uplift and convergence-recovery values describe the treatment outcomes.
处治效果
施工完成后最大抬升33 mm，水平收敛最大减小35 mm，接触网导高恢复32 mm；芯样无侧限抗压强度为1.2 MPa。上述抬升与收敛恢复量属于治理效果指标。
Before-and-after views of an operating tunnel in Heilongjiang. Before treatment on the left, after treatment on the right.
黑龙江省某运营隧道治理前后现场对比。左为治理前，右为治理后。
Application 4: Deformation Treatment of a Coastal Tunnel Under Construction, Guangdong
Project Overview
The tunnel was approximately 9 m deep, with an outer diameter of 8.8 m, an inner diameter of 8.0 m, and a ring width of 1.8 m. The lining used staggered joints and passed mainly through marine–terrestrial mud and mucky soil. After shield tunnelling, the TJS trial section had a maximum accumulated settlement of 96.9 mm and a settlement rate of 0.08 mm/day.
工程应用四：广东省某沿海区间在建隧道变形整治
概况
该区间隧道埋深约9 m，外径8.8 m、内径8.0 m，环宽1.8 m，采用错缝拼装，主要穿越海陆交互相淤泥和淤泥质土。TJS试验区段盾构施工完成后累计最大沉降96.9 mm，沉降速率0.08 mm/d。
Guangdong site layout. Pre-treatment settlement: TJS section 96.9 mm at 0.08 mm/day; separate low-disturbance grouting trial section 77.0 mm at 0.11 mm/day. These refer to different sections.
施工平面布置及两处试验区段。TJS试验区段盾构施工后累计最大沉降96.9 mm、沉降速率0.08 mm/d；另一处微扰动注浆试验区段为77.0 mm、0.11 mm/d，两组数据对应不同区段。
Treatment Scheme
Vertical and inclined piles were installed at every ring. Vertical piles had diameters of 1.4–1.5 m and a length of 30 m. Inclined piles had a diameter of 0.8 m and a length of 5 m.
处治方案
加固采用竖直桩与倾斜桩组合、每环布置。竖直桩桩径1.4–1.5 m、桩长30 m，倾斜桩桩径0.8 m、桩长5 m。
Geological section and TJS trial-treatment zone at the coastal Guangdong project.
广东沿海区间地质剖面及 TJS 试验加固区。
Treatment Results
Deformation during TJS construction remained below 5 mm. A comparison over 100 days after completion showed a reduction in settlement rate from 0.08 mm/day to 0.01 mm/day. Core samples had an unconfined compressive strength of 1.2 MPa.
处治效果
TJS施工期间变形小于5 mm；施工完成后100天对比下，沉降速率由0.08 mm/d降至0.01 mm/d。芯样无侧限抗压强度为1.2 MPa。
Settlement monitoring before, during, and after treatment at the Guangdong TJS trial section.
广东项目 TJS 试验段施工前、施工期间及工后沉降监测。
Application 5: Cross-Passage and Tunnel Deformation Treatment in an Operating Section, Jiangsu
Project Overview
The tunnel was approximately 10 m deep, with an outer diameter of 6.2 m, an inner diameter of 5.5 m, and a ring width of 1.2 m. The lining used staggered joints and passed mainly through mucky silty clay. Maximum accumulated settlement during operation was 64.2 mm, with a settlement rate of 0.08 mm/day.
Treatment Scheme
The scheme combined vertical, inclined, and horizontal piles around the tunnel and cross passage. Vertical piles had a diameter of 1.0 m and a length of 9 m. Inclined piles had diameters of 0.8–1.0 m and lengths of 2.5–5 m. Horizontal piles had a diameter of 0.8 m and a length of 4 m.
工程应用五：江苏省某运营区间联络通道及隧道变形整治
概况
该区间隧道埋深约10 m，外径6.2 m、内径5.5 m，环宽1.2 m，采用错缝拼装，主要穿越淤泥质粉质黏土。运营期间累计最大沉降64.2 mm，沉降速率0.08 mm/d。
处治方案
施工结合联络通道与隧道位置，采用竖直、倾斜及水平桩组合。竖直桩桩径1.0 m、桩长9 m；倾斜桩桩径0.8–1.0 m、桩长2.5–5 m；水平桩桩径0.8 m、桩长4 m。
Construction layout and affected zone for the operating tunnel and cross passage in Jiangsu. The callout records pre-treatment maximum accumulated settlement of 64.2 mm at 0.08 mm/day.
江苏运营区间施工平面布置与施工影响区。图中标注治理前累计最大沉降64.2 mm、沉降速率0.08 mm/d。
Reinforcement arrangement around the cross passage and tunnel at the Jiangsu project.
江苏项目联络通道及隧道加固布置示意。
Treatment Results
Maximum uplift during treatment was 30 mm. The mean unconfined compressive strength of core samples exceeded 1.2 MPa.
处治效果
处治过程中最大抬升30 mm，芯样平均无侧限抗压强度大于1.2 MPa。
TJS works inside an operating tunnel section in Jiangsu.
江苏省某运营区间隧道内 TJS 施工。
Application 6: Treatment of Surcharge-Induced Deformation in an Operating Tunnel, Hangzhou
Project Overview
The tunnel was approximately 15 m deep, with an outer diameter of 6.9 m, an inner diameter of 6.1 m, and a ring width of 1.5 m. The lining used staggered joints and passed mainly through mucky silty clay interbedded with silt. Surface fill above the tunnel reached a maximum height of 8.9 m. Before treatment, maximum accumulated convergence was 101.2 mm, maximum settlement was 94.1 mm, and the settlement rate was 0.06 mm/day.
工程应用六：杭州某运营区间上方堆载引起的隧道变形整治
概况
该区间隧道埋深约15 m，外径6.9 m、内径6.1 m，环宽1.5 m，采用错缝拼装，主要穿越淤泥质粉质黏土夹粉土。隧道上方最大堆填高度8.9 m；治理前累计最大收敛101.2 mm、最大沉降94.1 mm，沉降速率0.06 mm/d。
Section showing surface surcharge, ground conditions, and the tunnel at the Hangzhou project.
杭州某区间上方堆载与隧道地层剖面关系。
Treatment Scheme
The scheme combined vertical, inclined, and horizontal piles. Vertical piles had a diameter of 1.0 m and a length of 7 m. Inclined piles had a diameter of 1.0 m and a length of 3 m. Horizontal piles had diameters of 0.8–1.0 m and a length of 4.5 m.
处治方案
加固采用竖直、倾斜及水平桩组合。竖直桩桩径1.0 m、桩长7 m；倾斜桩桩径1.0 m、桩长3 m；水平桩桩径0.8–1.0 m、桩长4.5 m。
Radial-pile arrangement, pile-layout plan, and recorded progress for the surcharge-affected tunnel section in Hangzhou.
杭州堆载影响区间的径向桩布置示意、桩位平面布置及完成情况。
Treatment Results
The interim construction result was a maximum convergence recovery of 23.1 mm. This is a result recorded during the treatment works.
处治效果
阶段性施工成果为收敛最大恢复23.1 mm。该项为施工过程中的阶段性结果。
In-tunnel TJS treatment in the surcharge-affected section at the Hangzhou project.
杭州堆载影响区段隧道内 TJS 加固施工。
Engineering Delivery for Specific Site Conditions
Each TJS scheme begins with assessment of the ground, tunnel structure, and causes of deformation. The radial-pile arrangement, working openings, jetting and discharge settings, construction sequence, and monitoring plan are then developed for the project. Work in operating tunnels is coordinated with available maintenance windows, while treatment in tunnels under construction is coordinated with subsequent activities.
The pile dimensions, strengths, and deformation values in these cases relate to their specific ground conditions, structures, and construction stages. Reinforcement requirements, limits on construction-induced movement, and correction objectives are defined separately and managed with monitoring throughout the works.
面向工程条件的实施方案
TJS项目以地层调查、隧道结构及变形原因分析为基础，确定径向桩布置、作业孔位、喷射与排浆参数、施工顺序和监测方案。运营隧道施工结合可用作业窗口组织，在建隧道加固与后续施工工序协调。
各案例中的桩径、桩长、强度及变形数据对应其具体地层、结构和施工阶段。工程设计分别确定加固要求、施工扰动控制值及纠偏目标，并结合监测结果进行过程调整。
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